Understanding Tractor Specifications
Learn how to read and compare engine, transmission, and PTO specifications
Tractor specifications are the key to comparing models and choosing the right machine for your needs. This guide explains the main spec categories you will see in our database: engine, transmission, PTO, hydraulics, dimensions, and weight.
Engine Specifications
Horsepower (HP) is the most cited engine spec. Gross HP is measured at the engine; net HP reflects power at the PTO or drawbar. Higher HP generally means more capacity for heavy implements and faster fieldwork, but also higher fuel use and cost. Displacement (liters or cubic inches) and cylinders give a sense of engine size. Fuel type is usually diesel for agricultural tractors. Torque (Nm or lb-ft) indicates pulling ability, especially at low RPM.
Transmission
Manual transmissions offer fixed gear ratios and are simple to maintain. Powershift and partial powershift options allow shifting under load. Hydrostatic (HST) transmissions provide infinite speed variation within a range and are popular on compacts. CVT (continuously variable) transmissions automatically adjust for load and speed and are common on larger tractors. The right choice depends on your tasks and preference for ease of use vs. cost and complexity.
PTO (Power Take-Off)
PTO horsepower is the power available at the PTO shaft—often about 80–85% of engine HP. Implements are rated for a minimum PTO HP, so match your tractor to your mower, tiller, or baler. PTO speeds are typically 540 rpm and/or 1000 rpm (and often 540E/1000E for economy). Check that your tractor offers the speed your implements require. Independent vs. live PTO affects whether the PTO can run with the tractor stopped or in neutral.
Hydraulic System
Pump flow (L/min or GPM) determines how quickly cylinders and motors can move—important for loaders and variable-rate equipment. Lift capacity (kg or lb) at the three-point hitch and, if applicable, front linkage limits the weight of implements you can carry. Number of valves (remotes) defines how many hydraulic functions you can control (e.g., top-and-tilt, grapple). Higher flow and capacity support larger loaders and more demanding implements.
Dimensions and Weight
Weight affects traction and transport. Heavier tractors generally have better drawbar pull but may require a heavier trailer. Length, width, height and wheelbase matter for storage, gates, and road transport. Ground clearance can be important for row-crop or rough terrain. Use our comparison tool to filter and sort tractors by these specs to find the best match for your operation.